Review of Key Underwater Wireless Communication Mediums

Authors

  • Muhammad Imran Majid
  • Muhammad Haseeb Nasir
  • Osama Mahfooz

Keywords:

underwater Wireless communication, magnetic induction, Optical Communication, Acoustics

Abstract

Global warming is a phenomenon where frozen water in the poles will slowly dissolve resulting in rising ocean levels. Subsequently, it is important to monitor maritime activity. The purpose of this paper is to explore different underwater communication mediums which are reliable and sustainable in underwater environment. In the course of recent years, earthbound wireless communication is evolving due to the fact that deep sea ecological conditions are mostly unexplored. Hence, underwater communication has been affiliated with high bandwidth and data speeds. In addition, the analysis between techniques leading to an arrangement of communication in underwater is addressed. Furthermore, the effect of various parameters is documented along with future research directions.

 

Author Biographies

Muhammad Imran Majid

 

 

Muhammad Haseeb Nasir

 

 

Osama Mahfooz

 

 

References

Z. Zeng, S. Fu, H. Zhang, Y. Dong, and J. Cheng. A survey of underwater optical wireless communications. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, Vol. 19(1), pp. 204–238, 2017

M. A. Khalighi, M. Uysal,. Survey on free space optical communication: A communication theory perspective. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, Vol. 16(4), pp. 2231–2258, 2014.

R. J. Vaccaro. The past, present, and the future of underwater acoustic signal processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 15(4), pp. 21–51, 1998.

N. Saeed, A. Celik, T. Y. Al-Naffouri, and M.-S. Alouini. Underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks, pp. 101935, 2019.

A. I. Al-Shamma’a, A. Shaw, and S. Saman. Propagation of electromagnetic waves at mhz frequencies through seawater. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 52(11), pp. 2843–2849, 2004.

A. Al-Kinani, C.-X. Wang, L. Zhou, and W. Zhang. Optical wireless communication channel measurements and models. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2018.

F. E. Goodwin. A review of operational laser communication systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 58(10), pp. 1746–1752, 1970.

L. Lanbo, Z. Shengli, and C. Jun-Hong. Prospects and problems of wireless communication for underwater sensor networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 8(8), pp. 977– 994, 2008.

X. Lurton.An introduction to underwater acoustics: principles and applications. Springer Science & Business Media, 2002.

M. Lanzagorta, Underwater communications. Synthesis Lectures on Communications, vol. 5(2), pp. 1–129, 2012.

C. Gussen, P. Diniz, M. Campos, W. A. Martins, F. M. Costa, and J. N. Gois, A survey of underwater wireless communication technologies. J. Commun. Inform. Sys, vol. 31(1), 2016.

H. Kaushal and G. Kaddoum. Underwater optical wireless communication. IEEE access, vol. 4, pp. 1518–1547, 2016.

I. F. Akyildiz, D. Pompili, and T. Melodia. Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges. Ad hoc networks, vol. 3(3), pp. 257–279, 2005.

M. Garcia, S. Sendra, M. Atenas, and J. Lloret. Underwater wireless ad-hoc networks: A survey. Mobile ad hoc networks: Current status and future trends, pp. 379–411, 2011.

U. West Lothian. Electromagnetic propagation in sea water and its value in military systems. SEAS DTC Technical Conference, pp. 1–6, 2007.

N. Kaur, P. Singh, and P. Kaur. Under water environment: a brief of explored work and future scope. International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 0975, p. 8887, 2016.

C. Gabriel, M.-A. Khalighi, S. Bourennane, P. Léon, and V. Rigaud,. Monte-carlo-based channel characterization for underwater optical communication systems. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 5(1), pp. 1–12, 2013.

B. M. Cochenour, L. J. Mullen, and A. E. Laux. Characterization of the beam-spread function for underwater wireless optical communications links. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 33(4), pp. 513–521, 2008.

J. R. Apel. Principles of ocean physics. Academic Press, vol. 38, 1987.

J. Powell. Four Biggest Differences between the Ocean Fresh Water, available at: https://sciencing.com/four-between-oceanfresh-water-8519973.html, urldate = 2018-02-25, 2018.

[21] Christian. Electromagnetic spectrum. 2018-09-10. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/2Z3EpNI, 2015

L. A. Belov, S. M. Smolskiy, and V. N. Kochemasov. Handbook of RF, microwave, and millimeterwave components. Artech house, 2012.

I. F. Akyildiz, D. Pompili, and T. Melodia. Challenges for efficient communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks. ACM Sigbed Review, vol. 1(2), pp. 3–8, 2004.

M. Rhodes, Electromagnetic propagation in sea water and its value in military systems. SEAS DTC Technical Conference, 2007, pp. 1–6.

Y. Chen, W.-y. Pan, H.-y. Peng, and H.-q. Zhang. The elf/vlf field at the depth of submarine excited by satellite electropult. In Antennas Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE), 2010 9th International Symposium on. IEEE, pp. 505–508, 2010.

R. L. Dowden, R. H. Holzworth, C. J. Rodger, J. Lichtenberger, N. R. Thomson, A. R. Jacobson, E. Lay, J. B. Brundell, T. J. Lyons, Z. Kawasaki et al.World-wide lightning location using vlf propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 50(5), 2008.

X. Che, I. Wells, G. Dickers, P. Kear, and X. Gong. Re-evaluation of rf electromagnetic communication in underwater sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 48(12), pp. 143–151, 2010

A. Zoksimovski, D. Sexton, M. Stojanovic, and C. Rappaport, Underwater electromagnetic communications using conduction–channel characterization, Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 34, pp. 42–51, 2015.

G. Cossu, R. Corsini, A. Khalid, S. Balestrino, A. Coppelli, A. Caiti, and E. Ciaramella. Experimental demonstration of high speed underwater visible light communications in Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW), 2nd International Workshop on. IEEE, pp. 11–15, 2013.

C. Wang, H.-Y. Yu, and Y.-J. Zhu. A long distance underwater visible light communication system with single photon avalanche diode. IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 8(5), pp. 1–11, 2016.

A. R. Darlis, W. A. Cahyadi, D. Darlis, and Y. H. Chung. Underwater visible light communication using maritime channel.In Proc. Conf. Korea Inst. Signal Process. Syst.(KISPS), pp. 1–3, 2016.

L. Grobe, A. Paraskevopoulos, J. Hilt, D. Schulz, F. Lassak, F. Hartlieb, C. Kottke, V. Jungnickel, and K.D. Langer. High-speed visible light communication systems. IEEE communications magazine, vol. 51(12), pp. 60–66, 2013.

D. Anguita, D. Brizzolara, and G. Parodi. Prospects and problems of optical diffuse wireless communication for underwater wireless sensor networks in Wireless Sensor Networks. ApplicationCentric Design. InTech, 2010.

F. Miramirkhani and M. Uysal.Visible light communication channel modeling for underwater environments with blocking and shadowing. IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 1082–1090, 2018.

H. Zhang and Y. Dong. Link misalignment for underwater wireless optical communications. Advances in Wireless and Optical Communications, pp. 215–218.

J. A. Simpson. A 1 mbps underwater communications system using leds and photodiodes with signal processing capability. [Online]. Available: https://sciencing.com/four-betweenoceanfresh-water-8519973.html, 2008.

V. I. Haltrin. Chlorophyll-based model of seawater optical properties. Applied Optics, vol. 38(33), pp. 6826–6832, 1999.

J. A. Simpson, B. L. Hughes, and J. F. Muth. Smart transmitters and receivers for underwater freespace optical communication. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 30(5), pp. 964– 974, 2012.

N. Bajwa and V. Sharma. Smart transmitters and receivers for underwater free-space optical communication–a review. International Conference on Communications, Computing & Systems, 2014.

H. Brundage. Designing a wireless underwater optical communication system. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010.

F. B. Jensen, W. A. Kuperman, M. B. Porter, and H. Schmidt. Computational ocean acoustics. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.

P. C. Etter. Underwater acoustic modeling and simulation. CRC Press, 2018.

M. Stojanovic. On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 11(4), pp. 34–43, 2007.

A. Gkikopouli, G. Nikolakopoulos, and S. Manesis. A survey on underwater wireless sensor networks and applications. Control & Automation (MED), 20th Mediterranean Conference on. IEEE, pp. 1147–1154, 2012.

M. A. Ainslie and J. G. McColm. A simplified formula for viscous and chemical absorption in sea water. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 103(3), pp. 1671–1672, 1998.

M. C. Domingo. Overview of channel models for underwater wireless communication networks. Physical Communication, vol. 1(3), pp. 163–182, 2008.

Y. V. Zakharov and J. Li. Sliding window adaptive filter with diagonal loading for estimation of sparse uwa channels. OCEANS 2016- Shanghai. IEEE, pp. 1–5, 2016.

J. Partan, J. Kurose, and B. N. Levine. A survey of practical issues in underwater networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 11(4), pp. 23–33, 2007.

M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena. Next generation 5g wireless networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18(3), pp. 1617–1655, 2016.

CISCO, Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2016-2021. p. White Paper. March 2017.

P. Pirinen. A brief overview of 5g research activities. 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity (5GU), 2014 1st International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 17–22, 2014.

W. Stallings. Data and computer communications. Pearson Education India, 2007.

J. Wu, X. Ma, X. Qi, Z. Babar, and W. Zheng. Influence of pulse shaping filters on papr performance of underwater 5g communication system technique: Gfdm. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2017, 2017.

B. Gulbahar. A communication theoretical analysis of multiple-access channel capacity in magneto-inductive wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65(6), pp. 2594–2607, 2017.

A. Kulkarni, V. Kumar, and S. B. Dhok. Enabling Technologies for Range Enhancement of MI Based Wireless Non-Conventional Media Communication. 2018 9th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Netw. Technol. ICCCNT 2018, pp. 1–7, 2018.

X. M. Tan, Z. Sun, and I. F. Akyildiz. Wireless underground sensor networks: Mi-based communication systems for underground applications. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag, vol. 57, pp. 74–87, 2015.

A. R. Silva and M. Moghaddam, “Design and Implementation of Low-Power and Mid-Range Magnetic-Induction-Based Wireless Underground Sensor Networks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 65(4), pp. 821–835, 2016.

J. J. Sojdehei, P. N. Wrathall, and D. F. Dinn. Magneto-inductive (MI) communications. Ocean. Conf. Rec, vol. 1, pp. 513–519, 2001

Z. Zhao, S. S. Ge, W. He, and Y. S. Choo. Modeling and simulation of magnetic induction wireless communication for a deepwater mooring system. 2012 IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Autom. ICIA 2012, pp. 373–378, 2012.

S. Kisseleff, I. F. Akyildiz, and W. H. Gerstacker. Throughput of the magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks: Key optimization techniques. IEEE Trans. Commun, vol. 62(12), pp. 4426–4439, 2014.

M. Muzzammil, N. Ahmed, G. Qiao, I. Ullah, W, Lei. Fundamentals and Advancements of Magnetic Field Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2016.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-28

How to Cite

Majid, M. I., Muhammad Haseeb Nasir, & Osama Mahfooz. (2022). Review of Key Underwater Wireless Communication Mediums. University of Wah Journal of Science and Technology (UWJST), 6, 1–8. Retrieved from https://uwjst.org.pk/index.php/uwjst/article/view/138