Sustainability in Storm Water Management and Conservation of Rainwater: A case study of an Educational Institute in Lahore, Pakistan.
Keywords:
Friction Factor, Reynold’s Number, Energy Line Slope, Plain Bed, Gravel BedAbstract
The urban area of Lahore is facing serious problem for the management of storm water due to heavy rainfalls especially in the summer (monsoon) season. The accumulation of storm water is due to the high level of water in the adjacent housing colonies during or after heavy rainfall events. The ongoing and newly proposed construction projects inside the city are supposed to take an unknown period of time for completion and have become an additional reason for water stagnation. Due to the improper or inadequate drainage facilities, the storm water gets stagnant and creates hurdles for the normal on-going activities all over the city. The existing conditions for the drainage facilities are unable to cope up with the aftermaths of heavy rainfalls. In addition, the present storm water drains are becoming insufficient due to rapid developments and need serious attention. This research takes into consideration the current situation of storm water drains in a university campus and proposes sustainable solutions for storm water management and conservation of rainwater. Using the rainfall intensity, suitable runoff coefficient was estimated and by computing, the area based on survey the rational equation was then used to estimate the runoff and design discharges for different return period rainfall events. From point of view of draining facility for managing the storm water as consequences of rainfall events two types of systems were proposed i.e., closed conduit (underground pipe) system based on commercial pipe sizes available in market and open channel system with drains with 30 cm bottom width.
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