Physiological Responses of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Biochar and Chemical Fertilizer Under Salinity Stress
Keywords:
Stomatal index, Leaf area, Salt stress, Inoculation, Trichomes, Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)Abstract
This research work is conducted to evaluate the physiological responses of phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas sp.), biochar and N-fertilizer under salt stress. Biochar and fertilizer are mixed in soil (5:1) while Pseudomonas sp. is applied as seed soaking at 106 cells/ml prior to seed sowing. Salt stress with 150mM NaCl is applied for three days (3d) at three (3) leaf stage. The obtained results depicted significant effect of Pseudomonas sp. on root fresh weight and leaf area both under unstressed and salt stress conditions followed by biochar. Treatment with biochar and Pseudomonas sp. resulted in increased root fresh weight, leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence and decreased osmotic potential by 60% particularly under salt stress. On the contrary, fertilizer treatment is found to be ineffective on seed germination (results not presented here), however increased chlorophyll content by 77%. Under salt stress, fertilizer treatment increased the osmotic potential of leaves. The combined treatments of fertilizer with Pseudomonas and biochar significantly increased root fresh weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area under salt stress. It is inferred that combined application of biochar and Pseudomonas can augment the effects of N-fertilizer on plants.
References
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[8] A. S. Al-Hazmi, and A. Dawabah. Effect of urea and certain NPK fertilizers on the cereal cyst nematode (Heteroderaavenae) on wheat, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 21(2), pp. 191-196, 2014.
[9] A. Vivas, A. Marulanda, J. M. Ruiz-Lozano, J. M. Barea and R. Azcon. Influence of a Bacillus sp. on physiological activities of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and on plant responses to PEG-induced drought stress, Mycorrhiza, Vol. 13(5), pp. 249-256, 2003.
[10] B. Capell and K. Dörffling. Genotype-specific differences in chilling tolerance of maize in relation to chilling-induced changes in water status and abscisic acid accumulation, Physiol Planta, Vol. 88(4), pp. 638-646, 1993.
[11] B. Hameeda, G. Harini, O. P. Rupela, S. P. Wani and G. Reddy. Growth promotion of maize by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from composts and macrofauna, Microbiological Research, Vol. 163(2), pp. 234–242, 2006.
[12] D. Egamberdiyeva. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from a calcisol in a semi-arid region of Uzbekistan biochemical characterization and effectiveness, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 168(1), pp. 94-99, 2006.
[13] D. Tian, J. Tooker, M. Peiffer, S. H. Chung and G. W. Felton. Role of trichomes in defense against herbivores comparison of herbivore response to woolly and hairless trichome mutants in tomato (Solanumlycopersicum), Planta, Vol. 236(4), pp. 1053-1066, 2012.
[14] E. Carlier, M. Rovera, A. R. Jaume and S. B. Rosas. Improvement of growth under field conditions of wheat inoculated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca SR1, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 24(11), pp. 2653-2658, 2008.
[15] E. Orhan, A. Esitken, S. Ercisli, M. Turan and F. Sahin. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry, Science Horticulture, Vol. 111(1), pp. 38-43, 2006.
[16] H. S. Han and K. D. Lee. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria effect on antioxidant status, photosynthesis, mineral uptake and growth of lettuce under soil salinity, Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, Vol. 1(3), pp. 210-215, 2005.
[17] H. Upadhyaya, L. Sahoo and S. K. Panda. Molecular physiology of osmotic stress in plants, Molecular Stress Physiology of Plants, Vol. 4(13), pp. 179-192, 2013.
[18] I. Aranda, E. Gil-Pelegrin, A. Gasco, M. A. Guevara, J.F. Cano, M. De Miguel and C. Collada. Drought response in forest trees from the species to the gene, Plant Responses to Drought Stress, pp. 293-333, 2012.
[19] J. D. Johnson, R. Tognetti and P. Paris. Water relations and gas exchange in poplar and willow under water stress and elevated atmospheric CO2, Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 115(1), pp. 93-100, 2009.
[20] J. Diels, B. Vanlauwe, M. K. Van der Meersch, N. Sanginga and R. Merckx. Long-term soil organic carbon dynamics in a subhumid tropical climate 13C data in mixed C3/C4 cropping and modeling with ROTHC, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 36(11), pp. 1739-1750, 2009.
[21] K. A. Spokas. Review of the stability of biochar in soils predictability of O:C molar ratios, Carbon Management, Vol. 1(2), pp. 289-303, 2010.
[22] S. J. Dobbelaere and O. K. Vanderleyden Yaacov. Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Vol. 22(12), pp.107-149, 2003.
[23] P. Sanchez-de-Miguel, P. Baeza, P. Junquera and J. R. Lissarrague. Vegetative development total leaf area and surface area indexes, Methodologies and Results in Grapevine Research, pp. 31-44, 2010. [24] R. Ogaya, L. Lorens and J. Penuelas. Density and length of stomatal and epidermal cells in living fossil trees grown under elevated CO2 and a polar light regime, Acta Oecologica, Vol. 37(4), pp. 381-385, 2011.
[25] J. L. Jifon and J. P. Syvertsen. Moderate shade can increase net gas exchange and reduce photoinhibition in citrus leaves, Tree Physiology, Vol. 23(2), pp. 119-127, 2003.
[26] A. Gholami, S. Shahsavani and S. Nezarat. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize, International Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 1(1), pp. 35-40, 2009. [27] M. Egger, G. D. Smith and A. N. Phillips. Meta-analysis principles and procedures, British Medical Journal, Vol. 315, pp. 1533-1537, 1997. [28] A. Fazal, and A. Bano. Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteriav (PGPR), Biochar and Chemical Fertilizer under Salinity Stress, M.S. Thesis, Department Plant Science, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2015. [29] K. Maxwell, and G. N. Johnson. Chlorophyll fluorescence a practical guide, Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 51(345), pp. 659-668, 2000. [30] M. Grover, S. Z. Ali, V. Sandhya, A. Rasul and B. Venkateswarlu. Role of microorganisms in adaptation of agriculture crops to abiotic stresses, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 27(5), pp. 1231-1240, 2011. [31] S. Dobbelaere, A. Croonenborghs, A. Thys, D. Ptacek, J. Vanderleyden, P. Dutto and Y. Okon. Responses of agronomically important crops to inoculation with azospirillum, Functional Plant Biology, Vol. 28(9), pp. 871-879, 2001. [32] A. Fazal and A. Bano. Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), biochar, and chemical fertilizer under salinity stress, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol. 47(17), pp. 1985-1993, 2016. [33] M. Heidari and A. Golpayegani. Effects of water stress and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on antioxidant status and photosynthetic pigments in basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.), Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 11(1), pp. 57-61, 2012. [34] M. S. Lashari, Y. Ye, H. Ji, L. Li, G. W. Kibue and G. Pan. Biochar manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution alleviated salt stress and improved leaf bioactivity of maize in a saline soil from central China a 2 year field experiment, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 12(4), pp. 12-20, 2015. [35] O. Varela Milla, E. B. Rivera, W. J. Huang, C. Chien and Y. M. Wang. Agronomic properties and characterization of rice husk and wood biochars and their effect on the growth of water spinach in a field test, Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 13(2), pp. 251-266, 2013. [36] R. Munns. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress, Plant, Cell Environment, Vol. 25(2), pp. 239-250, 2002.
[37] R. Rahimi, S. M. Hosseini, M. Pooryoosef and I. Fateh. Variation of leaf water potential, relative water content and SPAD under gradual drought stress and stress recovery in two medicinal species of Plantagoovata and P. psyllium, Journal of Plant Ecophysiol, Vol. 2(2), pp. 53-60, 2010. [38] W. J. Busscher, J. M. Novak, D. E. Evans, D. W. Watts, M. A. S. Niandou and M. Ahmedna. Influence of pecan biochar on physical properties of a Norfolk loamy sand, Soil Science, Vol. 175(1), pp. 10-14, 2010.
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2018-05-23
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Asghari Bano. (2018). Physiological Responses of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Biochar and Chemical Fertilizer Under Salinity Stress. University of Wah Journal of Science and Technology (UWJST), 2, 1–6. Retrieved from https://uwjst.org.pk/index.php/uwjst/article/view/9
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